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Chapter 14: Carbon element formation and chemistry. Also mystery of why Lithium isotope 6 is present in less quantity.

Chapter 14: Carbon element formation and chemistry. Also mystery of why Lithium isotope 6 is present in less quantity.

Electron distribution of Carbon = 1s2-2s2-2p2

Carbon is very important for all organism. Carbon have atomic number 6.

Carbon have following two isotopes stable.

Carbon 12= -C-12 = 6 neutrons +6 protons.

Carbon 13= C-13 = 7 Neutron + 6 Protons.

Abundance of C-12 is 98.0% and that of C-13 is 1.1%.  Modern period table cannot explain the abundance distribution.

Carbon 12 isotope is formed by fusion of Lithium-6 isotope.  And Carbon 12 isotope is formed by fusion of Lithium-6 and Lithium-7 isotopes.

Isotopes

Lithium-6

Lithium-7

Lithium-6

Carbon-12

Carbon-13

Lithium-7

Carbon-13

Carbon-14

 

Abundance of Carbon-12: 2 Carbon-13: Carbon-14

Since neutrons is very high, fusion and formation of Carbon-13 and Carbon is difficult to form. Hence Carbon -12 abundance is very high and as Lithium 6 isotope are consumed, abundance of Lithium-6 is less. 

 

Carbon 12 formation :

Lithium-6 form bonding and anti bonding orbital with another Lithium-6 ion to give Carbon-12. Details are as follows. 

Carbon 13 formation :

Lithium-7 form bonding and anti-bonding orbital with another Lithium-6 ion to give Carbon-12. Details are as follows. 

 

 

From the nuclear obital formation it is clear, C13 formation is difficult and hence, less formed. Also this explain why in nature abundance of Lithium-7 isotope is more compare to Lithium-6.

Natural effects

Modern period table explanation

Maneesh Dhauni Periodic table explanation

Why abundance of Carbon 12 is greater than abundance of Carbon 13.

No

Yes. Explain very well.

Explain why lithium 6 abundance is less than Lithium -7.

No

Yes Explain very well.

Explain why Carbon have two paired proton and two paird electron at last orbital. Due to same energy level for last protons, I can have both proton to be unpaid.

No

Yes Explain very well.

 

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