Chapter 12: Beryllium-formation and characteristics.
Beryllium is fourth element in periodic table. It is represented by abbreviation Be. Atomic number of Beryllium is 4. The electronic configuration of Beryllium is 1S orbital with 2 electrons paired and 2S orbital with 2 electrons paired. Beryllium have tendency to lose two electrons from 2S orbital in chemical reaction.
Beryllium is very rate element on earth.
Isotopes:
Isotopes |
Details of Neutrons and Protons |
Half life |
Be-6 |
Be-6 have 2 neutrons and 4 protons. |
0.0000000000000017 seconds. |
Be-7 |
Be-7 have 3 neutrons and 4 protons. |
53 days. |
Be-9 |
Be-9 have 5 neutrons and 4 protons. |
Stable. |
Be-10 |
Be-10 have 6 neutrons and 4 protons. |
1.36 million years. |
Other isotopes of Beryllium are knows, I limit this to above isotopes for simplicity.
Maneesh Dhauni Periodic table explanation of Beryllium formation, characteristic properties.
Beryllium is formed from fusion of Hydrogen isotopes with Lithium isotopes. The tabulated distribution of the isotopes are as follows:
Beryllium formation |
Hydrogen |
Deuterium |
Tritium |
Lithium-6 |
Beryllium-7 |
Beryllium-8 |
Beryllium-9 |
Lithium-7 |
Beryllium-8 |
Beryllium-9 |
Beryllium-10 |
The nucleus formation of each isotope of Beryllium is discuss as follows:
Beryllium-7: Beryllium-7 is formed by fusion by Lithium-6 and Hydrogen.
Beryllium-8: Beryllium-8 is formed by fusion by Lithium-6 and Deuterium and Lithium7 with Hydrogen.
Fusion of Lithium-6 and Deuterium
Fusion of Lithium 7 with Hydrogen.
Beryllium-9: Beryllium-9 is formed by fusion by Lithium-7 and Deuterium and Lithium-6 with Tritium.
- Fusion of Lithium-7 and Deuterium.
- Fusion of Lithium-6 with Tritium
Beryllium-10: Beryllium-10 is formed by fusion by Lithium-7 and tritium.
Based on the above nuclear orbital of Beryllium, I shall explain radio activity of Beryllium.
Isotopes |
Details of Neutrons and Protons |
Maneesh Dhauni Periodic table. |
Half life |
Be-7 |
Be-7 have 3 neutrons and 4 protons. |
Protons and neutrons arranged are very congested and hence it is unstable. |
53 days. |
Be-9 |
Be-9 have 5 neutrons and 4 protons. |
The arrangement of Protons and neutron are very stable. Hence Nucleus is stable. |
Stable. |
Be-10 |
Be-10 have 6 neutrons and 4 protons. |
The neutrons are somewhat stable and unstable. Hence it is unstable but have very long half life period. |
1.36 million years. |
Beryllium bivalent covalent bond:
Beryllium have 2 S proton in bonding nuclear orbital. There is also anti bonding nuclear orbital. One of the two protons of 2S orbital shift to antibonding orbital to form stable covalent bond. So beryllium is forming both ionic and covalent bond.
From the below comparison, we learn how Maneesh Dhauni periodic table is better to explain Beryllium characteristic properties.
Beryllium characteristic |
Modern Periotic table |
Maneesh Dhauni Periodic table |
Natural abundance. |
No. Cannot explain. |
Yes. Maneesh Dhauni periodic table explain the nature abundance.
As natural abundance of Deuterium and Tritium is very less, so formation of Beryllium stable isotope Beryllium-9 is very rare. Other isotopes are unstable and hence we have very less abundance of Beryllium. |
Radioactivity. |
No cannot explain. |
Maneesh Dhauni periodic table explain how nuclear arrangement of Proton and neutron make the Beryllium stable and unstable isotopes. |
Characteristic chemical properties. |
No cannot explain. |
Maneesh Dhauni periodic table explain why Beryllium can form both ionic and covalent bond. |
Thanks.
Maneesh Dhauni